The seven principles, shown on a rotating model of the brain

01Assessment literacy
01

Assessment literacy

Before students write, we show them exactly what the examiner gives marks for. Every piece of writing after that is aimed at a target they have actually seen.

02Retrieval practice
02

Retrieval practice

There is no single way we do this. The right technique goes at the right moment: a quiz after they finish a text, a quiz on the mark scheme, a first draft written with nothing to copy from, and a spoken reflection at the end of a session where they explain what they learned.

03Deliberate practice
03

Deliberate practice

Writing is broken into its parts, and each part is practised and marked on its own. Not one vague grade for a whole essay — a separate mark for each element of it.

04Formative feedback
04

Formative feedback

Every piece is marked element by element against the examiner’s criteria — not one grade for the whole thing. Each part gets its mark, what to fix, the student’s own sentence rewritten to the next grade, and a model answer beside it.

05Spaced practice
05

Spaced practice

Once a student has shown progress on a topic, we move them to a new topic and a new text. They circle through all of their texts and come back to the one they started with later, taking it further than they left it. Their best-graded pieces are kept for revision nearer the exam.

06Interleaving
06

Interleaving

Exercises and quizzes mix texts and skills rather than drilling one at a time, and we ask for the same mixing in their writing. Library material sets texts side by side, so they are always being asked what is similar and what is different.

07Metacognition
07

Metacognition

Students learn to judge their own writing against the criteria before anyone else does — so they can see the difference between good and nearly-good in their own work.